Activated Carbon: Fundamentals, Classification, and Properties

A class of amorphous carbonaceous materials with large porosity and internal surface area is referred to as "activated carbon," or AC. Coconut shells, coal, and wood are the basic sources of ACs. Anthracite and bituminous coals have been the main sources of AC until recently, although AC may be made from any carbonaceous material. AC is an extremely effective adsorbent. It may be used to clean, dechlorinate, deodorize, and decolourize both liquid and vapour applications because of its large surface area, pore structure, and high degree of surface reactivity. Since the removal of contaminants requires carbonaceous materials with a high degree of porosity, well-developed surface area, and distinct functional groups, use of ACs is one of the finest methods for eliminating pollutants from aqueous solution and the atmosphere. ACs are also cost-effective adsorbents for a variety of sectors, including water purification, food-grade goods, cosmetics, automotive applications, industrial gas purification, petroleum, and precious metal recovery, mostly for gold. The classification, characteristics, and usage of AC are the main topics of this chapter.