Published February 2, 2023
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Monitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate.

Creators

  • 1. Integrated Marine Observing System, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Lavenia.Ratnarajah@utas.edu.au.
  • 2. Global Ocean Observing System, International Oceanographic Commission, UNESCO, Paris, France. Lavenia.Ratnarajah@utas.edu.au.
  • 3. Cyprus Subsea Consulting and Services C.S.C.S. ltd, Lefkosia, Cyprus.
  • 4. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, Plymouth, UK.
  • 5. North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), 9860 West Saanich Road, V8L 4B2, Sidney, BC, Canada.
  • 6. CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
  • 7. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
  • 8. College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg., Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA.
  • 9. Oregon State University
  • 10. US Integrated Ocean Observing System (US IOOS), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
  • 11. Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven, Germany.
  • 12. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
  • 13. University of Queensland
  • 14. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, 4067, Australia.
  • 15. Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
  • 16. University of New South Wales
  • 17. Gulf of Maine Research Institute, 350 Commercial St, Portland, ME, 04101, USA.
  • 18. Mercator Ocean International, 2 Av. de l'Aérodrome de Montaudran, 31400, Toulouse, France.
  • 19. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
  • 20. Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
  • 21. The Marine Biological Association (MBA), The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK.
  • 22. Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
  • 23. Centre national de la recherche scientifique
  • 24. Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans GOSEE, 75016, Paris, France.
  • 25. Institut Universitaire de France, 75231, Paris, France.
  • 26. Universidade Federal de Rio Grande - FURG - Laboratório de Zooplâncton - Instituto de Oceanografia, Av. Itália, Km 8 - Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
  • 27. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR330HT, UK.
  • 28. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
  • 29. Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies & Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
  • 30. University of Tasmania
  • 31. Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
  • 32. Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • 33. Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO, CSIC), Puerto Pesquero s/n, 29640, Fuengirola, Spain.
  • 34. Spanish National Research Council

Description

Zooplankton are major consumers of phytoplankton primary production in marine ecosystems. As such, they represent a critical link for energy and matter transfer between phytoplankton and bacterioplankton to higher trophic levels and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. In this Review, we discuss key responses of zooplankton to ocean warming, including shifts in phenology, range, and body size, and assess the implications to the biological carbon pump and interactions with higher trophic levels. Our synthesis highlights key knowledge gaps and geographic gaps in monitoring coverage that need to be urgently addressed. We also discuss an integrated sampling approach that combines traditional and novel techniques to improve zooplankton observation for the benefit of monitoring zooplankton populations and modelling future scenarios under global changes.
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