Published January 26, 2023
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New Advances in Metabolic Syndrome, from Prevention to Treatment: The Role of Diet and Food.

Creators

  • 1. Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
  • 2. Sapienza University of Rome
  • 3. Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
  • 4. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
  • 5. Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
  • 6. University of Naples Federico II
  • 7. UNESCO, Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
  • 8. Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
  • 9. Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.

Description

The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has undergone several changes over the years due to the difficulty in establishing universal criteria for it. Underlying the disorders related to MetS is almost invariably a pro-inflammatory state related to altered glucose metabolism, which could lead to elevated cardiovascular risk. Indeed, the complications closely related to MetS are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been observed that the predisposition to metabolic syndrome is modulated by complex interactions between human microbiota, genetic factors, and diet. This review provides a summary of the last decade of literature related to three principal aspects of MetS: (i) the syndrome's definition and classification, pathophysiology, and treatment approaches; (ii) prediction and diagnosis underlying the biomarkers identified by means of advanced methodologies (NMR, LC/GC-MS, and LC, LC-MS); and (iii) the role of foods and food components in prevention and/or treatment of MetS, demonstrating a possible role of specific foods intake in the development of MetS.
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