Published March 25, 2024
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Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)?

Creators

  • 1. Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 2. University of Buenos Aires
  • 3. Equipo de Soporte Nutricional, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 4. Facultad de, Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi, Latacunga, 050108, Ecuador.
  • 5. Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad UTE, Santo Domingo, Ecuador.
  • 6. Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay.
  • 7. Nutrihome, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 8. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 9. Servicio de Clínica Médica, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 10. Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador.
  • 11. Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Quito, 170129, Ecuador.
  • 12. Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • 13. University of Naples Federico II
  • 14. Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. giovanna.muscogiuri@unina.it.
  • 15. Cattedra Unesco "Educazione Alla Salute E Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy. giovanna.muscogiuri@unina.it.
  • 16. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85259, USA.
  • 17. Arizona State University
  • 18. School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Samborondón, 0901952, Samborondón, Ecuador.
  • 19. Dipartimento di Benessere, Nutrizione e Sport, Università Telematica Pegaso, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, Via Porzio, 80143, Naples, Italy.

Description

This review aims to explore in-depth the different aspects of the association between very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction. The VLCKD, proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of certain chronic diseases, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Initially used to treat epilepsy, it has been shown to be effective in controlling body weight gain and addressing various pathophysiological conditions. Research has shown that a low-calorie, high-fat diet can affect thyroid hormone levels. Weight loss can also influence thyroid hormone levels. Studies have suggested that long-term use of VLCKD for refractory epilepsy may be related to the development of hypothyroidism, with an effect seen in various populations. In particular, women with obesity following VLCKD tend to have reduced T3 levels. We propose further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms linking VLCKD to obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction. © 2024. The Author(s).
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