Evolution of Heritage Discourse and Community Involvement at Borobudur: Post-Implementation Phase of JICA Master Plan from the 1990s Until the Twenty First Century

Approximately 30 years after the completion of the Borobudur Archeological Park, the legislative measures in heritage discourse in Indonesia evolved from the monument-centric approach to spatial management, including scenery control for the protection of the wider area of Borobudur. This chapter explores the shift in Indonesia's heritage management discourse at Borobudur, which shifted from an authority-driven and monument-centric approach in the 1980s and 1990s to a community-based approach for wider landscape preservation in the early twenty first century. This research will also examine a chronological account of the refinement of the national legislative policy and framework since the late twentieth century. By doing so, this chapter attempts to classify the influences of the JICA Master Plan on the current management of Borobudur while attempting to identify similarities and differences between the JICA Master Plan and the newly adopted Borobudur Presidential Regulation of 2014 and other Indonesian heritage related laws.