Published March 27, 2025
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Search for the Anomalous Events Detected by ANITA Using the Pierre Auger Observatory.

Creators

  • 1. University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
  • 2. University of Adelaide
  • 3. Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
  • 4. INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
  • 5. Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
  • 6. Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.
  • 7. Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
  • 8. Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.
  • 9. Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 10. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 11. Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.
  • 12. INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.
  • 13. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
  • 14. University of Santiago de Compostela
  • 15. INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
  • 16. Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana," Catania, Italy.
  • 17. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.
  • 18. City University of New York
  • 19. INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.
  • 20. Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
  • 21. INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
  • 22. RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
  • 23. RWTH Aachen University
  • 24. Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.
  • 25. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
  • 26. Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.
  • 27. Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.
  • 28. Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • 29. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
  • 30. Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.
  • 31. Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.
  • 32. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
  • 33. Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 34. University of Buenos Aires
  • 35. IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
  • 36. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 37. Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.
  • 38. Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.
  • 39. International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
  • 40. Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Argentina.
  • 41. Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.
  • 42. Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
  • 43. Université libre de Bruxelles
  • 44. Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
  • 45. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • 46. Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil.
  • 47. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Brazil.
  • 48. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • 49. University of São Paulo
  • 50. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • 51. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • 52. Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • 53. State University of Campinas
  • 54. Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
  • 55. Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil.
  • 56. Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
  • 57. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.
  • 58. Federal University of Paraná
  • 59. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • 60. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
  • 61. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Observatório do Valongo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • 62. Universidade Federal Fluminense, EEIMVR, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • 63. Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.
  • 64. Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
  • 65. Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.
  • 66. Charles University in Prague
  • 67. Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
  • 68. CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
  • 69. Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.
  • 70. University of Paris
  • 71. Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.
  • 72. Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.
  • 73. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
  • 74. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
  • 75. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
  • 76. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
  • 77. Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.
  • 78. University of Hamburg
  • 79. Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.
  • 80. INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
  • 81. INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata," Roma, Italy.
  • 82. Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy.
  • 83. Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.
  • 84. Polytechnic University of Milan
  • 85. Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi," Lecce, Italy.
  • 86. Università di Napoli "Federico II," Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy.
  • 87. Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè," Palermo, Italy.
  • 88. Università di Roma "Tor Vergata," Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
  • 89. Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
  • 90. Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Mexico City, México.
  • 91. Instituto Politécnico Nacional
  • 92. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
  • 93. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Mexico City, México.
  • 94. National Autonomous University of Mexico
  • 95. University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics,Łódź, Poland.
  • 96. "Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
  • 97. Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
  • 98. Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
  • 99. Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
  • 100. Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.
  • 101. University of Granada
  • 102. IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
  • 103. Radboud University Nijmegen
  • 104. Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • 105. Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
  • 106. Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
  • 107. University of Amsterdam
  • 108. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
  • 109. Case Western Reserve University
  • 110. Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.
  • 111. New York University, New York, New York, USA.
  • 112. New York University
  • 113. University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
  • 114. University of Chicago
  • 115. University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.
  • 116. University of Delaware
  • 117. University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
  • 118. University of Wisconsin-Madison

Description

A dedicated search for upward-going air showers at zenith angles exceeding 110° and energies E>0.1  EeV has been performed using the Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The search is motivated by two "anomalous" radio pulses observed by the ANITA flights I and III that appear inconsistent with the standard model of particle physics. Using simulations of both regular cosmic-ray showers and upward-going events, a selection procedure has been defined to separate potential upward-going candidate events and the corresponding exposure has been calculated in the energy range [0.1-33] EeV. One event has been found in the search period between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, consistent with an expected background of 0.27±0.12 events from misreconstructed cosmic-ray showers. This translates to an upper bound on the integral flux of (7.2±0.2)×10^{-21}  cm^{-2} sr^{-1} y^{-1} and (3.6±0.2)×10^{-20}  cm^{-2} sr^{-1} y^{-1} for an E^{-1} and E^{-2} spectrum, respectively. An upward-going flux of showers normalized to the ANITA observations is shown to predict over 34 events for an E^{-3} spectrum and over 8.1 events for a conservative E^{-5} spectrum, in strong disagreement with the interpretation of the anomalous events as upward-going showers.
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