The coastal vegetation of the western and southern Gulf — characterisation and conservation aspects

Although we have a superficial overview of the main plant communities of coastal areas of the western and southern Gulf, in-depth studies are generally lacking, with a few notable exceptions. Coastal vegetation in the region is often equated solely to halophytic communities growing under the direct influence of salt-water, in extreme cases only to mangroves, the latter which in fact account for only a very small percentage of the total coastal vegetation. This narrow perspective has important conservation repercussions, especially given the current mass destruction of many parts of the Gulf coastline. Important speciesrich communities (flora and fauna) are being destroyed at an alarming rate without any mitigation measures, and even high-profile ecosystems, such as mangroves, are by no means immune from the on-going development frenzy. An important step towards the protection and sustainable use of environmental resources is their detailed characterisation and inventory, as well as elucidating their spatial distribution. The aims of this contribution are therefore three-fold: 1) to give an overview of the coastal vegetation of the area (Gulf coastline of the GCC countries), examining both halophytic and non-halophytic communities; 2) to highlight the most critical issues affecting coastal vegetation; and 3) to suggest conservation priorities and associated research projects. It is clear that much more detailed work is required to identify and assess remaining intact stretches of the coastline regarding their vegetation, flora and fauna.