Published May 31, 2023
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MiRNA dysregulation underlying common pathways in type 2 diabetes and cancer development: an Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)/Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD)/Italian Society of Diabetology (SID)/Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE)/Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) multidisciplinary critical view.

Creators

  • 1. Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
  • 2. University of Bari
  • 3. Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
  • 4. Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo of Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy.
  • 5. Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ENETS Center of Excellence, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
  • 6. Sapienza University of Rome
  • 7. Section of Endocrinology, Geriatrics, and Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
  • 8. Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy.
  • 9. Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare
  • 10. Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
  • 11. University of Pisa
  • 12. Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
  • 13. Department of Oncology, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Viagrande, Catania, Italy.
  • 14. Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Don Calabria-Sacro Cuore di Negrar, Verona, Italy.
  • 15. Diabetologist and Endocrinologist, Italian Association of Clinical Diabetologists, Rome, Italy.
  • 16. Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
  • 17. Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
  • 18. Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Service, ASL-Sulcis, Carbonia, Sardinia, Italy.
  • 19. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Endocrinology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
  • 20. Diabetology, Careggi Hospital and University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
  • 21. University of Florence
  • 22. Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
  • 23. University of Naples Federico II
  • 24. Diabetes Unit, Livorno Hospital, Livorno, Italy.
  • 25. Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy; UNESCO Chair, Education for Health and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
  • 26. Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
  • 27. University of Padua
  • 28. Medical Oncology Division and Breast Unit, Senatore Antonio Perrino Hospital, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy.
  • 29. Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: francesco.giorgino@uniba.it.

Description

Increasing evidence suggests that patients with diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D), are characterized by an increased risk of developing different types of cancer, so cancer could be proposed as a new T2D-related complication. On the other hand, cancer may also increase the risk of developing new-onset diabetes, mainly caused by anticancer therapies. Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and chronic inflammation typical of T2D could represent possible mechanisms involved in cancer development in diabetic patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a subset of non-coding RNAs, ⁓22 nucleotides in length, which control the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through both translational repression and messenger RNA degradation. Of note, miRNAs have multiple target genes and alteration of their expression has been reported in multiple diseases, including T2D and cancer. Accordingly, specific miRNA-regulated pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of both conditions. In this review, a panel of experts from the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), and Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) provide a critical view of the evidence about the involvement of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of both T2D and cancer, trying to identify the shared miRNA signature and pathways able to explain the strong correlation between the two conditions, as well as to envision new common pharmacological approaches.
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