Origin of atmospheric aerosols at the Pierre Auger Observatory using studies of air mass trajectories in South America
Creators
- Aab, A.1
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Abreu, P.2
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Aglietta, Marco3
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Ahlers, Markus4
- Ahn, Eun-Joo5
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Albuquerque, Ivone F. M.6
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Allekotte, I.7
- Allen, J.8
- Allison, Patrick9
- Almela, Alejandro10
- Castillo, J. Alvarez11
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Alvarez-Muñiz, Jaime12
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Batista, R. Alves13
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Ambrosio, M.
- Aminaei, Amin14
- Anchordoqui, Luis A.15
- Andringa, Sofia2
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Antičić, T.
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Aramo, Carla
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Arqueros, F.16
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Asorey, Hernán7
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Assis, Pedro2
- Aublin, Julien17
- Ave, M.12
- Avenier, M.18
- Avila, Gualberto
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Badescu, Alina Mihaela19
- Barber, K. B.20
- Bardenet, Rémi21
- Bäuml, J.22
- Baus, Colin22
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Beatty, J. J.9
- Becker, K.-H.23
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Bellido, Jose A.20
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BenZvi, Segev4
- Berat, Corinne18
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Bertou, Xavier7
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Biermann, Peter L.24
- Billoir, Pierre17
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Blanco, Francisco J.16
- Blanco, M.17
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Bleve, C.23
- Blümer, H.22
- Bohacova, Martina25
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Boncioli, Denise
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Bonifazi, Carla26
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Bonino, R.3
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Borodai, Nataliia
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Brack, Jeffrey27
- Brancus, I.M.
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Brogueira, P.2
- Brown, W. C.28, 27
- Buchholz, Peter1
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Bueno, Antonio29
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Buscemi, Mario
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Caballero-Mora, K. S.12
- Caccianiga, B.30
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Caccianiga, Lorenzo17
- Candusso, M.31
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Caramete, L.24
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Caruso, Rossella32
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Castellina, Antonella3
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Cataldi, G.33
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Cazon, Lorenzo2
- Cester, R.3
- Cheng, S. H.34
- Chiavassa, A.3
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Chinellato, Jose35
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Chudoba, Jiri25
- Cilmo, Marco
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Clay, Roger W20
- Cocciolo, G.33
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Colalillo, Roberta
- Collica, L.30
- Coluccia, Maria Rita33
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Conceição, Rúben2
- Contreras, Fernando
- Cooper, M. J.20
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Coutu, S.34
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Covault, Corbin36
- Criss, A.34
- Cronin, J. W.37
- Curutiu, A.24
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Dallier, Richard38
- Daniel, Bruno35
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Dasso, Sergio39
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Daumiller, Kai22
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Dawson, Bruce R.20
- de Almeida, R. M.40
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De Domenico, M.32
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De Jong, S. J.14
- De La Vega, G.39
- de Mello, W. J. M.35
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de Mello Neto, J. R. T.26
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De Mitri, I.33
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de Souza, V.6
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de Vries, K. D.41
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del Peral, L.42
- Deligny, Olivier21
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Dembinski, H.22
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Dhital, Niraj43
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Di Giulio, C.31
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Di Matteo, A.
- Diaz, J. C.43
- Castro, M. L. Díaz
- Diep, Pham Ngoc
- Diogo, F.2
- Dobrigkeit, Carola35
- Docters, W.
- D'Olivo, Juan Carlos11
- Dong, P. N.
- Dorofeev, A.27
- dos Anjos, J. C.
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Dova, Maria-Teresa44
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Ebr, Jan25
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Erdmann, Martin45
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Espadanal, J.2
- Etchegoyen, A.39
- San Luis, P. Facal37
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Farrar, G.8
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Fauth, A. C.35
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Fracchiolla, C. E.27
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Fratu, Octavian19
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García, B.39
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Roca, S. T. Garcia12
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Garcia-Gamez, D.21
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Garcia-Pinto, D.16
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Glaser, Christian45
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Berisso, M. Gómez7
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Gonçalves, Paulo J. S.2
- Gonzalez, J. G.22
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Gorgi, A.3
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Gorham, Peter46
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- Grubb, Trent D.20
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Guarino, F.
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Guedes, G. P.48
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Hill, G. C.20
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Homola, Piotr1
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Hörandel, Jörg R.14
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Horvath, Pavel49
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Hrabovský, Miroslav49
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Huege, T.22
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Insolia, A.32
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Isar, Paula Gina
- Jansen, S.14
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Jarne, C.44
- Josebachuili, M.39
- Kadija, Kreso
- Kambeitz, O.22
- Kampert, Karl-Heinz23
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- Kasper, P. H.5
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Keilhauer, B.22
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- Kieckhafer, R. M.43
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Knapp, J.52
- Krause, R.45
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Kruppke-Hansen, D.23
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La Rosa, G.53
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Lauer, R. J.54
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de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui55
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Letessier-Selvon, A.17
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- Link, K.22
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López, R.56
- Agüera, A. Lopez12
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Bahilo, J. Lozano29
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Lu, Lu23
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Maccarone, M. C.53
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Maldera, S.3
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Mandat, Dusan25
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Mantsch, P.5
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Mariş, I. C.17
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Marsella, G.33
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Martello, D.33
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Martin, L.38
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Martinez, H.58
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Matthews, John51
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Mayotte, Eric59
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Menichetti, E.3
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Micanovic, Sasa
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Miramonti, Lino30
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Molina-Bueno, L.29
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Mostafá, Miguel27
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- Müller, G.45
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Mussa, R.3
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Navarro, J. L.29
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Navas, S.42
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Nellen, L.11
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Nelles, A.14
- Neuser, J.23
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Niechciol, Marcus1
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Nosek, D.50
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Palatka, M.25
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Parente, G.12
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Pastor, Sergio60
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Pech, Miroslav25
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Pȩkala, J.
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Pierog, T.22
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Pirronello, V.32
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Plum, M.45
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Porcelli, A.22
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Quinn, S.36
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Ravignani, D.39
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Revenu, B.38
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Ridky, J.25
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Riggi, Simone53
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Rizi, Vincenzo
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de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues12
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Fernandez, G. Rodriguez31
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Rodríguez-Frías, M. D.42
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Ros, German42
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Rosado, Jaime16
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Roth, Markus22
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Saftoiu, Alexandra
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Greus, F. Salesa27
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Description
The Pierre Auger Observatory is making significant contributions towards understanding the nature and origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. One of its main challenges is the monitoring of the atmosphere, both in terms of its state variables and its optical properties. The aim of this work is to analyze aerosol optical depth ta(z) values measured from 2004 to 2012 at the observatory, which is located in a remote and relatively unstudied area of the Pampa Amarilla, Argentina. The aerosol optical depth is in average quite low ‐ annual mean ta(3.5 km) 0.04 ‐ and shows a seasonal trend with a winter minimum ‐ ta(3.5 km) 0.03 ‐, and a summer maximum ‐ ta(3.5 km) 0.06 ‐, and an unexpected increase from August to September ‐ ta(3.5 km) 0.055). We computed backward trajectories for the years 2005 to 2012 to interpret the air mass origin. Winter nights with low aerosol concentrations show air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. Average concentrations are affected by continental sources (wind-blown dust and urban pollution), while the peak observed in September and October could be linked to biomass burning in the northern part of Argentina or air pollution coming from surrounding urban areas.
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Financial Support
Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gobierno de Argentina
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Australian Research Council
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro
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FAPESP — Grant: 2010/07359-6
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FAPESP — Grant: 1999/05404-3
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Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia
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MSMT — Grant: CR LG13007
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TACR — Grant: TA01010517
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Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
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Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire
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Département Sciences de l'Univers
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Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
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Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren
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Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen
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Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
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Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca
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Gran Sasso Center for Astroparticle Physics
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CETEMPS Center of Excellence
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CONACYT
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
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Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie
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Ministry of Science and Higher Education — Grant: N N202 200239
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Ministry of Science and Higher Education — Grant: N N202 207238
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The National Centre for Research and Development — Grant: ERA-NET-ASPERA/02/11
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Portuguese national funds
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FEDER funds
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Romanian Authority for Scientific Research ANCS
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CNDI-UEFISCDI — Grant: nr.1/ASPERA2/2012 ERA-NET
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CNDI-UEFISCDI — Grant: PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0145-17
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CNDI-UEFISCDI — Grant: PN-II-RU-PD-2011-3-0062
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Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology
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Slovenian Research Agency
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
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Xunta de Galicia
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Leverhulme Foundation
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Science and Technology Facilities Council
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Department of Energy — Grant: DE-AC02-07CH11359
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Department of Energy — Grant: DE-FR02-04ER41300
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Grainger Foundation USA
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NAFOSTED
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Marie Curie-IRSES/EPLANET, European Particle Physics Latin American Network
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European Union 7th Framework Program — Grant: PIRSES-2009-GA-246806
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UNESCO
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References
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Benavente . Study of the dynamics of the aerosol optical depth in South America ...
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