Measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays above 1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators
- Abraham, J.
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Abreu, P.
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Aglietta, M.
- Ahn, E.J.
- Allard, D.
- Allen, J.
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Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
- Ambrosio, M.
- Anchordoqui, L.
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Andringa, S.
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Antičić, T.
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Anzalone, A.
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Aramo, C.
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Arganda, E.
- Arisaka, K.
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Arqueros, F.
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Asorey, H.
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Assis, P.
- Aublin, J.
- Ave, M.
- Avila, G.
- Bäcker, T.
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Badagnani, D.
- Balzer, M.
- Barber, K.B.
- Barbosa, A.F.
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Barroso, S.L.C.
- Baughman, B.
- Bauleo, P.
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Beatty, J.J.
- Becker, B.R.
- Becker, K.H.
- Bellétoile, A.
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Bellido, J.A.
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BenZvi, S.
- Berat, C.
- Bergmann, T.
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Bertou, X.
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Biermann, P.L.
- Billoir, P.
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Blanch-Bigas, O.
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Blanco, F.
- Blanco, M.
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Bleve, C.
- Blümer, H.
- Boháčová, M.
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Boncioli, D.
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Bonifazi, C.
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Bonino, R.
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Borodai, N.
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Brack, J.
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Brogueira, P.
- Brown, W.C.
- Bruijn, R.
- Buchholz, P.
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Bueno, A.
- Burton, R.E.
- Busca, N.G.
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Caballero-Mora, K.S.
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Caramete, L.
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Caruso, R.
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Castellina, A.
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Catalano, O.
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Cataldi, G.
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Cazon, L.
- Cester, R.
- Chauvin, J.
- Chiavassa, A.
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Chinellato, J.A.
- Chou, A.
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Chudoba, J.
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Clay, R.W.
- Colombo, E.
- Coluccia, M.R.
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Conceição, R.
- Contreras, F.
- Cook, H.
- Cooper, M.J.
- Coppens, J.
- Cordier, A.
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Cotti, U.
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Coutu, S.
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Covault, C.E.
- Creusot, A.
- Criss, A.
- Cronin, J.
- Curutiu, A.
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Dagoret-Campagne, S.
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Dallier, R.
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Daumiller, K.
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Dawson, B.R.
- de Almeida, R.M.
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De Domenico, M.
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De Donato, C.
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de Jong, S.J.
- De La Vega, G.
- de Mello Junior, W.J.M.
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de Mello Neto, J.R.T.
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De Mitri, I.
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de Souza, V.
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de Vries, K.D.
- Decerprit, G.
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del Peral, L.
- Deligny, O.
- Della Selva, A.
- Delle Fratte, C.
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Dembinski, H.
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Di Giulio, C.
- Diaz, J.C.
- Díaz Castro, M.L.
- Diep, P.N.
- Dobrigkeit, C.
- D'Olivo, J.C.
- Dong, P.N.
- Dorofeev, A.
- dos Anjos, J.C.
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Dova, M.T.
- D'Urso, D.
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Dutan, I.
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DuVernois, M.A.
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Ebr, J.
- Engel, R.
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Erdmann, M.
- Escobar, C.O.
- Etchegoyen, A.
- Facal San Luis, P.
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Falcke, H.
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Farrar, G.
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Fauth, A.C.
- Fazzini, N.
- Ferrero, A.
- Fick, B.
- Filevich, A.
- Filipčič, A.
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Fleck, I.
- Fliescher, S.
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Fracchiolla, C.E.
- Fraenkel, E.D.
- Fröhlich, U.
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Fulgione, W.
- Gamarra, R.F.
- Gambetta, S.
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García, B.
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García Gámez, D.
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Garcia-Pinto, D.
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Garrido, X.
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Gelmini, G.
- Gemmeke, H.
- Ghia, P.L.
- Giaccari, U.
- Giller, M.
- Glass, H.
- Goggin, L.M.
- Gold, M.S.
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Golup, G.
- Gomez Albarracin, F.
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Gómez Berisso, M.
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Gonçalves, P.
- Gonzalez, D.
- Gonzalez, J.G.
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Góra, D.
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Gorgi, A.
- Gouffon, P.
- Gozzini, S.R.
- Grashorn, E.
- Grebe, S.
- Grigat, M.
- Grillo, A.F.
- Guardincerri, Y.
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Guarino, F.
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Guedes, G.P.
- Hague, J.D.
- Halenka, V.
- Hansen, P.
- Harari, D.
- Harmsma, S.
- Harton, J.L.
- Haungs, A.
- Hebbeker, T.
- Heck, D.
- Herve, A.E.
- Hojvat, C.
- Holmes, V.C.
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Homola, P.
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Hörandel, J.R.
- Horneffer, A.
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Hrabovský, M.
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Huege, T.
- Hussain, M.
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Iarlori, M.
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Insolia, A.
- Ionita, F.
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Italiano, A.
- Jiraskova, S.
- Kadija, K.
- Kaducak, M.
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Kampert, K.H.
- Karova, T.
- Kasper, P.
- Kégl, B.
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Keilhauer, B.
- Keivani, A.
- Kelley, J.
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Kemp, E.
- Kieckhafer, R.M.
- Klages, H.O.
- Kleifges, M.
- Kleinfeller, J.
- Knapik, R.
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Knapp, J.
- Koang, D.-H.
- Krieger, A.
- Krömer, O.
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Kruppke-Hansen, D.
- Kuehn, F.
- Kuempel, D.
- Kulbartz, K.
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Kunka, N.
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Kusenko, A.
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La Rosa, G.
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Lachaud, C.
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Lago, B.L.
- Lautridou, P.
- Leão, M.S.A.B.
- Lebrun, D.
- Lebrun, P.
- Lee, J.
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Leigui de Oliveira, M.A.
- Lemiere, A.
- Letessier-Selvon, A.
- Lhenry-Yvon, I.
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López, R.
- Lopez Agüera, A.
- Louedec, K.
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Lozano Bahilo, J.
- Lucero, A.
- Ludwig, M.
- Lyberis, H.
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Maccarone, M.C.
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Macolino, C.
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Maldera, S.
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Mandat, D.
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Mantsch, P.
- Mariazzi, A.G.
- Marin, V.
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Maris, I.C.
- Marquez Falcon, H.R.
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Marsella, G.
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Martello, D.
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Martínez Bravo, O.
- Mathes, H.J.
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Matthews, J.
- Matthews, J.A.J.
- Matthiae, G.
- Maurizio, D.
- Mazur, P.O.
- McEwen, M.
- Medina-Tanco, G.
- Melissas, M.
- Melo, D.
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Menichetti, E.
- Menshikov, A.
- Meurer, C.
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Mičanović, S.
- Micheletti, M.I.
- Miller, W.
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Miramonti, L.
- Mollerach, S.
- Monasor, M.
- Monnier Ragaigne, D.
- Montanet, F.
- Morales, B.
- Morello, C.
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Moreno, E.
- Moreno, J.C.
- Morris, C.
- Mostafá, M.
- Mueller, S.
- Muller, M.A.
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Mussa, R.
- Navarra, G.
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Navarro, J.L.
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Navas, S.
- Necesal, P.
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Nellen, L.
- Nhung, P.T.
- Nierstenhoefer, N.
- Nitz, D.
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Nosek, D.
- Nožka, L.
- Nyklicek, M.
- Oehlschläger, J.
- Olinto, A.
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Oliva, P.
- Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M.
- Ortiz, M.
- Pacheco, N.
- Pakk Selmi-Dei, D.
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Palatka, M.
- Pallotta, J.
- Palmieri, N.
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Parente, G.
- Parizot, E.
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Parlati, S.
- Parra, A.
- Parrisius, J.
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Parsons, R.D.
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Pastor, S.
- Paul, T.
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Pavlidou, V.
- Payet, K.
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Pech, M.
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Pȩkala, J.
- Pelayo, R.
- Pepe, I.M.
- Perrone, L.
- Pesce, R.
- Petermann, E.
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Petrera, S.
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Petrinca, P.
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Petrolini, A.
- Petrov, Y.
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Petrovic, J.
- Pfendner, C.
- Piegaia, R.
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Pierog, T.
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Pimenta, M.
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Pirronello, V.
- Platino, M.
- Ponce, V.H.
- Pontz, M.
- Privitera, P.
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Prouza, M.
- Quel, E.J.
- Rautenberg, J.
- Ravel, O.
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Ravignani, D.
- Redondo, A.
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Revenu, B.
- Rezende, F.A.S.
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Ridky, J.
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Riggi, S.
- Risse, M.
- Ristori, P.
- Rivière, C.
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Rizi, V.
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Robledo, C.
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Rodriguez, G.
- Rodriguez Martino, J.
- Rodriguez Rojo, J.
- Rodriguez-Cabo, I.
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Rodríguez-Frías, M.D.
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Ros, G.
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Rosado, J.
- Rossler, T.
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Roth, M.
- Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B.
- Roulet, E.
- Rovero, A.C.
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Salamida, F.
- Salazar, H.
- Salina, G.
- Sánchez, F.
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Santander, M.
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Santo, C.E.
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Santos, E.
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Santos, E.M.
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Sarazin, F.
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Sarkar, S.
- Sato, R.
- Scharf, N.
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Scherini, V.
- Schieler, H.
- Schiffer, P.
- Schmidt, A.
- Schmidt, F.
- Schmidt, T.
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Scholten, O.
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Schoorlemmer, H.
- Schovancova, J.
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Schovánek, P.
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Schroeder, F.
- Schulte, S.
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Schüssler, F.
- Schuster, D.
- Sciutto, S.J.
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Scuderi, M.
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Segreto, A.
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Semikoz, D.
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Settimo, M.
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Shellard, R.C.
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Sidelnik, I.
- Siffert, B.B.
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Sigl, G.
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Śmiałkowski, A.
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Šmída, R.
- Snow, G.R.
- Sommers, P.
- Sorokin, J.
- Spinka, H.
- Squartini, R.
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Stasielak, J.
- Stephan, M.
- Strazzeri, E.
- Stutz, A.
- Suarez, F.
- Suomijärvi, T.
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Supanitsky, A.D.
- Šuša, T.
- Sutherland, M.S.
- Swain, J.
- Szadkowski, Z.
- Tamashiro, A.
- Tamburro, A.
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Tapia, A.
- Tarutina, T.
- Taşcău, O.
- Tcaciuc, R.
- Tcherniakhovski, D.
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Tegolo, D.
- Thao, N.T.
- Thomas, D.
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Tiffenberg, J.
- Timmermans, C.
- Tkaczyk, W.
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Todero Peixoto, C.J.
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Tomé, B.
- Tonachini, A.
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Travnicek, P.
- Tridapalli, D.B.
- Tristram, G.
- Trovato, E.
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Tueros, M.
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Ulrich, R.
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Unger, M.
- Urban, M.
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Valdés Galicia, J.F.
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Valiño, I.
- Valore, L.
- van den Berg, A.M.
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Vázquez, J.R.
- Vázquez, R.A.
- Veberič, D.
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Venters, T.
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Verzi, V.
- Videla, M.
- Villaseñor, L.
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Vorobiov, S.
- Voyvodic, L.
- Wahlberg, H.
- Wahrlich, P.
- Wainberg, O.
- Warner, D.
- Watson, A.A.
- Westerhoff, S.
- Whelan, B.J.
- Wieczorek, G.
- Wiencke, L.
- Wilczyńska, B.
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Wilczyński, H.
- Williams, C.
- Winchen, T.
- Winnick, M.G.
- Wundheiler, B.
- Yamamoto, T.
- Younk, P.
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Yuan, G.
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Yushkov, A.
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Zas, E.
- Zavrtanik, D.
- Zavrtanik, M.
- Zaw, I.
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Zepeda, A.
- Ziolkowski, M.
- and 464 more
Description
We report a measurement of the flux of cosmic rays with unprecedented precision and statistics using the Pierre Auger Observatory. Based on fluorescence observations in coincidence with at least one surface detector we derive a spectrum for energies above 10 18 eV. We also update the previously published energy spectrum obtained with the surface detector array. The two spectra are combined addressing the systematic uncertainties and, in particular, the influence of the energy resolution on the spectral shape.
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Funding
Financial Support
Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica
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Fundación Antorchas
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Gobierno De La Provincia de Mendoza
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Municipalidad de Malargüe
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NDM Holdings
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Valle Las Leñas
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the Australian Research Council
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia (MCT)
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AVCR — Grant: AV0Z10100502
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AVCR — Grant: AV0Z10100522
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GAAV — Grant: KJB300100801
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GAAV — Grant: KJB100100904
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MSMT-CR — Grant: LA08016
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MSMT-CR — Grant: LC527
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MSMT-CR — Grant: 1M06002
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MSM0021620859
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Centre de Calcul IN2P3/CNRS
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Conseil Régional Ile-de-France
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Département Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire (PNC-IN2P3/CNRS)
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Département Sciences de l'Univers (SDU-INSU/CNRS)
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Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF)
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Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
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Finanzministerium Baden-Württemberg
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Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren (HGF)
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Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Nordrhein-Westfalen
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Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst, Baden-Württemberg
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Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
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Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR)
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Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)
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Ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap
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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
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Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM)
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Ministry of Science and Higher Education — Grant: 1 P03 D 014 30
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Ministry of Science and Higher Education — Grant: N202 090 31/0623
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Ministry of Science and Higher Education — Grant: PAP/218/2006
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Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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Ministry for Higher Education, Science, and Technology, Slovenian Research Agency
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Comunidad de Madrid, Consejería de Educación de la Comunidad de Castilla La Mancha, FEDER funds, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Xunta de Galicia
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Science and Technology Facilities Council
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Department of Energy — Grant: DE-AC02-07CH11359
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Department of Energy — Grant: DE-FR02-04ER41300
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National Science Foundation — Grant: 0450696
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The Grainger Foundation
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ALFA-EC/HELEN, European Union 6th Framework Program — Grant: MEIF-CT-2005-025057
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European Union 7th Framework Program — Grant: PIEF-GA-2008-220240
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UNESCO
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References